The Cantabrian Sea and the Pyrenees create
the backdrop of a landscape composed of all shades of green, rugged
coasts with short estuaries, and mountains covered with beech and
oak.
For centuries its
inhabitants have been sailors, farm labourers and shepherds and have
spoken a language totally unlike any other and whose origins should
be sought more in legend than in history. It is said that it all
began with «Sugaar», one of the Basque mythological characters who
had a love affair with a beautiful princess who lived in Mundaka.
From their union Juan Zuria, was born, the first lord of
Bizkaia (Biscay). The Basques, however, believe that
they are descendants of the land: the euskaldunak. A nation
who retained its traditions, who did not manage to dominate the
invaders and who formed an «ethnic isle». In the 14th century Basque
fishermen had already reached Iceland and Greenland where they
settled on the coast of Newfoundland and Canada. Juan Sebastián
Elcano, the first man to travel around the world, was from
Getaria and Legazpi, conqueror of the Philippines, from
Zumárraga. Beside the fishing village lie the farming lands. The
country house continues to be the core of the Basque country life.
Agriculture, clearly smallholder, is based on intensive farming,
which means the land is fully exploited. The other traditional trade
in the Basque Land is shepherding. The shepherds generally owned
their own flocks. When this was not the case, they emigrated. The
United States and Canada became the new home of many of these
shepherds. The main industry for which the
Basque Country is known today began developing at the
beginning of the 20th century, along with trade.
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